Xanz is a Semitic-inspired language, so most of the words are 3-consonants roots with one of the following vowel patterns: _á__(e) - agentive noun _a_a_ - intensive _á_e_ - passive voice _a_i_ - habitual or stative verb _e_á_ - perfective _e_y_ - patient noun _eu_eu_ - middle voice _eu_éú_ - witnessive (usually either saw someone doing something or saw while doing something, depending on the verb) _ó_a_ - instrument _u_í_ - active voice _y_o_ - causative The acute accent indicates a nasalized vowel. If the consonant following a nasal vowel is in the stop series, it nasalizes and the acute accent is not written. áp → amh áb → am át → anh ád → an ás → añh áz → añ ák → ák (no nasal counterpart) ág → ang Words have primary stress on the first syllable and secondary stress on the 3rd, 5th, 7th, etc. If e, y, or o appear in an unstressed non-final syllable, they are deleted. Participles are formed by adding -el to the appropriate verb stem. Finite verbs have the pattern person-tense-stem Where stem is the root combined with one of the vowel patterns above. The relevant person prefixes are as follows: ana- 1st person subject, 2nd person object áthi- 1st person subject, 3rd person object or intransitive ise- 2nd person subject, 3rd person object or intransitive gy- 3rd person animate subject, 3rd person object or intransitive le- 3rd person inanimate subject, 3rd person object or intransitive The relevant tenses are: [null] present tense ti- intended or predicted future (di- after áthi-) zú- desired future If someone wants something to happen and there is a sufficient difference between the animacy of the desirer and the direct object of the subordinate clause, the clauses can be combined with the matrix subject being the subject and the subordinate subject being the object. Thus the verb susimh "greet" can be anazuñhusimh, which is either "I hope to greet you" or "I hope that you greet it". On nouns, there are 2 case suffixes and 2 directional prefixes. Nominative/Accusative is unmarked Genitive is -i Locative is -en Motion away is e- Motion toward is á- toward-nominative is used for vocative, and toward-locative is used for dative. Word Order [possessor] noun [adjective/participle/oblique] [subject] [object] verb [vocative]