# Torch (LCC10 Song Relay, +merlan \#flirora, Ŋarâþ Crîþ v9)

## Text

’’c {  
    le rilþas; fernas;  
    fernas; le rilþas.  
    le jonas rilþas;  
    le eši rilþas.  
}

··c

šitrit pentarþ en šinrit  
envan enven sado þal;  
le jonas rilþas; fernas;  
le eši rilþas.

··c

samas ar neþreveca  
šinen fernał sarħu se.  
jonas asmelras so mel  
galþans mečares.

··c

šinen navo cemi’ve  
roħame varmenive.  
ineþen anel cintos  
drênit ħarosve.

··c

melco’ve ecljameca  
varacrit ndenestave.  
ancâŋi c·emiłos roc  
nomes gasnelsal.

··c

cirmiþis lê gancêŋes  
fenlicþ šinaf šitru þal.  
fernas’pe; le cevrame  
dotesarascin.

··c

le drênit cingarime  
jonas rilþit denestas.  
asmelp·îstelt orocen  
dernje mečares.

## Lexicon

* **cenþ, …** *n!c*
    1. Oneself. → *myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves*
  
  **The dative singular form is ⟨cemi⟩.**  
  Creates an emphatic pronoun when given a possessive clitic.
* **centel, canten, cantel, cintos, cendot** *nIIIt*
    1. The earliest part of daytime, before midday. → *morning*
* **cevrat, cevra, cevralta, cevre, cevrena, cevraþos, gcivreve** *viv:I₁·e·os/β*
    1. (S) closes their eyes. → *close one’s eyes*
* **cemat, cema, cemalta, cjomen, cjometa, cirmaþon, gcjomeve** *vdv:I₁·en·on/γ*
    1. (S) gives (I) to (O). → *give*
        * **morteþoc rjas cemat** *give between hands* → *(S) hands over (I) to (O); (S) passes (I) to (O)*
* **ecljat, eclja, ecljalta, eclja, eclješi, ecljaþor, gocljeve** *vsv:I₁·a·or/α*
    1. (S) is far from (I) spatially. → *far, distant*
    2. (S) is emotionally detached from (I), especially in a situation where such detachment is desirable.
* **enva, neðas, envit** *nIc*
    1. The period in which the earth completes one rotation around its axis. → *day*
* **elgren, …** *n!c*
    1. A place near the speaker. → *here, this place*

  **The locative singular form is ⟨eši⟩.**  
  The genitive dual and plural forms are not eclipsed for this noun by influence of the existing ⟦g-⟧.
* **nema, nomes, nemit** *nIc*
    1. At least one member of a group (GEN). → *anything, anyone, something, someone*
    2. In the genitive, at least one. → *any, some*
    3. In the genitive, known but not specifically named. Marks a specific but indefinite referent. → *a certain, indefinite, some*

  ⟨nemen⟩, when used as a determiner, triggers a partial lenition in nouns other than ⟨ðên⟩.
* **nava, nevas, navit** *nIh*
    1. The dominant sapient species in Njôro. → *human*
    2. A member of any sapient species. → *person*
* **varmenat, varmena, varmenalta, varmena, varmenena, varmenaþos, varmjoneve** *vsv:I₁·a·os/β*
    1. (S) looks at (I) closely. → *look at, inspect, examine, observe, watch*
* **varacrit, varacre, varecrelta, varacra, varacreši, varecraþos, valocreve** *vtv:I₁·a·os/α*
    1. (S) remembers (O). → *remember, recall*
* **sarat, sarħa, serħalta, sarħo, sarħena, serħaþos, soreve** *vtv:I₁·o·os/β*
    1. (S) acquires knowledge (about) (O). → *learn, find out*
* **sado, sodas, sadit** *nIc*
    1. The next thing in a series of (GEN)s. → *next*
        * **enven sado** *tomorrow*
    2. Something following (GEN). → *successor*
    3. Mentions a quotation given later in the text.
    4. Additional personnel sent to military combat. → *reinforcements*
* **nitrit, netre, nitrelta, netra, netreši, nitraþos, neþreve** *vsv:I₁·a·os/α*
    1. (S) moves within (I) aimlessly. → *wander, roam*
* **šino, šjonas, šedit** *nIc*
    1. All members of a group (GEN). → *everything, everyone*
    2. The entirety of something. → *entirety, whole, entire*
    3. In the genitive, all or every. → *all, every, entire*
        * **šinen ðês** *at every occurrence* → *always, every time*

  ⟨šinen⟩, when used as a determiner, triggers a partial lenition in nouns other than ⟨ðên⟩.
* **šinrit, šinre, šinrelta, šinra, šinreta, šinraþos, šenpreve** *viv:I₁·a·os/γ*
    1. (S) laughs.
* **šitrit, šitre, šitrelta, šitre, šitreši, šitraþos, šotreve** *viv:I₁·e·os/α*
    1. (S) acts in a way to entertain oneself. → *play*
* **roc, …** *rcv*
    1. (S) exists to the benefit of (O). → *on behalf of, for*
    2. (S) is done with the goal of doing (O). → *in order to*
    3. Used alone in an independent clause phrase to celebrate (O). → *here’s to*
    4. When used as an independent clause phrase with (O) being a nominalized verb phrase, forms an optative meaning. → *may*
* **roħat, roħa, roħalta, roħe, roħeši, roħaþor, gîrneve** *vdv:I₁·e·or/α*
    1. (S) takes action to prevent (O) from harming (I); (S) defends (I) from (O). → *defend, protect, guard*
* **rilþit, rilþe, rilþelta, rilþa, rilþeva, rilþatos, velþeve** *viv:I₁·a·os/δ*
    1. (S) rests or sleeps. → *rest, sleep, asleep*
* **mel** *det*
    1. A large quantity. → *much, many, a lot*
* **melco, milces, melgit** *nIh*
    1. The parent of (GEN) with the same gender as (GEN). → *parallel parent, mother, father*
* **mečit, meče, mečelta, mečiþ, mečeta, mečavas, mjoseve** *vtv:I₃x/γ*
    1. (S) searches for (O). → *search for, look for*
    2. (S) finds (O). → *find, discover*
* **ancôr, ancâŋan, ancêŋes, ancâŋit** *nIVc*
    1. *story*
        * **ancâŋi cemat** *(S) tells (O) a story*
* **anor, onos, andot** *nIIIt.m*
    1. The atmosphere above the earth. → *sky*
        * **anasor desa** *outside, in the outdoors*
* **asnelsit, asnelse, asnelselta, asnelso, asnelseši, asnelsaþor, gasnolteve** *vsv:I₁·o·or/α*
    1. (S) goes to (I) after having left (I) earlier, leaving (jas). → *return, go back, come back*
        * **cajoþ asnelsit** *return to the ground* → *die, pass away*
* **asmel, samen, casmel, osmos, asmot** *nIIIt*
    1. An imaginary sensory experience one has during sleep. → *dream*
        * **samos cjasit** *have a dream* – Usually used with modifiers on the noun.
* **asmelrit, asmelre, asmelrelt, asmelren, asmelrena, asmelraþon, gosmelreve** *vtr:I₁·en·on/β*
    1. (S) has a dream about (O). → *dream*
* **ar, …** *rcv*
    1. (S) has the destination of (O). → *to, toward*
* **ferna, firnas, fenlit** *nIh*
    1. A human under twelve years old. → *child, young person*
    2. In the locative, one’s childhood. → *childhood*
* **garit, gare, garelta, gara, gareši, garaþos, ŋgoreve** *vav:I₁·a·os/α*
    1. (Š) stops oneself from doing (T). → *refrain from, abstain from, not*

  This is the negative verb most frequently used to express the prohibitive.
* **galar, –, gelelt, galit** *nIIh*
    1. *friend, companion*
* **pentat, penta, pentalta, pente, pentena, pentaþos, mponteve** *vav:I₁·e·os/β*
    1. (Š) is able to (T). → *can, able to, possible, capable of*
* **pêstis, pêsten, pîstelt, pêstit** *nIIc*
    1. A region ruled by an independent government. → *country*
    2. More generally, a large body of land. → *land*
* **tesarit, tesare, tesarelt, tesaro, tesareši, tesraþos, dtesoreve** *vir:I₁·o·os/α*
    1. (S) feels joy or happiness. → *happy, joyful, cheerful*
* **ineþa, inoþes, ineðit** *nIc.m*
    1. The color white. → *white*
    2. The characteristic of being pale. → *pale*
        * **ineþen natras** *pale skin*
* **ina, jonas, insit** *nIc.m*
    1. The current time. → *now, right now, currently, the present*

  More informal than ⟨endîr⟩.  
  This word does not have a resultative connotation, so in some cases, it is more appropriate to translate it as *right now* than *now*.
* **denecit, deneste, denecelt, denestar, denecelar, ndentareve** *var:II₄·ar*
    1. (Š) continues to (T). → *continue, keep, still*
* **deras, dorves, delit** *nIc.c*
    1. A hidden object. → *secret, treasure*
* **drênit, drêne, drênelta, drênan, drênena, drênaþor, ndrôneve** *vtv:I₁·an·or/β*
    1. (S) wakes up (O); (O) is awake. → *wake up, awake*
    2. (S) encourages someone to engage in (O). → *stir up, rouse, incite*
    3. (of the sun) (O) rises. → *rise*
* **ħarat, ħara, ħaralt, ħare, ħareši, ħaraþos, ħoreve** *var:I₁·e·os/α*
    1. (T) is done again. → *again, once more*
    2. (T) is done to a further degree than previously mentioned. → *even more*

### Affixes and function words that are customarily not listed in the dictionary

* **en** – when before an infinitive, creates a genitive-case nominalized verb phrase
* **=’ve** – second-person possessive clitic
* **se** – indicates a rhetorical question or occasionally a mirative mood
* **so** – ‘if’: ⟨*C* so *E*⟩ = *if C, then E*
* **þal** – tail particle used for assertiveness
* **le** – head particle indicating the imperative
* **lê** – proximate demonstrative determiner for celestial- and human-gender nouns; triggers eclipsis
* **=’pe** – first-person possessive clitic
* **do-** – indicates causative voice (cf. 13.10.2 in the full grammar)

## Grammar

*Reading the full grammar is essential for interpreting the text, but a summary is provided.*

Ŋarâþ Crîþ is a fusional language with predominantly head-final word order.

Nouns fall into three genders: *celestial*, *terrestrial*, and *human*. They can be inflected for one of eight cases (*nominative*, *accusative*, *dative* (+ vocative), *genitive*, *locative* (+ temporal), *instrumental* (+ comitative), *abessive*, and *semblative*) and one of five numbers (*direct*, *dual*, *plural*, *singulative*, and *generic*). Generic number is used to mean “X in general” or “X as a concept”. It is used on noun phrases that do not refer to a specific referent or referents.

Nouns largely fall into six declension classes, along with a few irregular stragglers. The full declension paradigms are found in Chapter 12 of the full grammar.

Verbs fall into one of the five following syntactic classes:

* *Intransitive verbs* take only a nominative argument.
* *Semitransitive verbs* take nominative and dative arguments.
* *Transitive verbs* take nominative and accusative arguments.
* *Ditransitive verbs* take nominative, dative, and accusative arguments.
* *Auxiliary verbs* act on another verb or verb phrase, which is called the *target*. In particular, an auxiliary verb follows another verb in the infinitive.

Morphologically, verbs can be classified as *vitreous* or *resinous* and also belong to a participle species. The infinitive ends in either *-at* or *-it*

Verbs can be inflected in finite, participle, converbal, and nominalized forms. The full conjugation paradigms are found in Chapter 13 of the full grammar.

Finite forms specify the person and number of the subject, the tense, and the aspect. A pronominal object might be specified, in which case an additional affix is added after the rest of the verb form.

Participle forms modify noun phrases. They specify the rcase (the case of the common argument in the embedded clause) and the hcase (the case of the common argument in the matrix clause). Depending on the participle genus of the verb, they also specify the gender or number of the head.

Converbal forms are as follows:

* *Reduced coordination* (with ‘and’): infinitive stem + *-ame* or *-ime*
* *Emergent coordination* a.k.a. the serial verb form: infinitive stem + *-a(r)þ* or *-i(r)þ*

Nominalized forms are the basis of nominalized verb phrases.